Can COVID-19 Trigger Arthritis or Cause Rheumatoid Arthritis Flares?

Recent studies and literature reviews have indicated that COVID-19 may be a risk factor for triggering arthritis flares, especially in individuals with autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. The possibility of reactive arthritis post-SARS-CoV-2 infection is particularly noted in genetically predisposed individuals. Reports have emerged of arthralgia and arthritis post-infection in patients without rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA), suggesting a possible link between COVID-19 and arthritis symptoms.

A significant concern during the COVID-19 pandemic has been the impact of the virus on autoimmune diseases. An overactivated immune system, which can occur during a COVID-19 infection, is thought to exacerbate conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, which is already associated with a higher risk of infections. Research in the Lancet Rheumatology and a further study have contributed to the understanding of these risks.

Moreover, a study published in Arthritis & Rheumatology has shown an increased risk of COVID-19 and related hospitalizations or death in those with rheumatoid arthritis. The conversation around vaccinations has also included concerns about rheumatic disease flares, though reports such as those from CreakyJoints suggest these events are rare and mild.

Patients with a history of COVID-19 have reported systemic rheumatic disease flares, with a study highlighting a 7.9% occurrence in those with flares compared to 6.7% without, as discussed on The Rheumatologist. Despite the uncertainties, the prevailing evidence suggests that COVID-19 can act as a trigger for both the onset and flare of rheumatoid arthritis in some individuals.

This knowledge is critical for individuals with rheumatoid arthritis or those who have recovered from COVID-19 and are experiencing joint symptoms. Resources such as Medical News Today, Hospital for Special Surgery, and Verywell Health offer further insights into the complex relationship between COVID-19, vaccinations, and autoimmune responses.