Spinal Cord Injuries (SCIs) have profound effects on various functions of the human body, significantly impacting the respiratory system and daily activities. Understanding these injuries can help both the injured and their caregivers navigate this challenging terrain.
The higher the location of the SCI, the greater the potential impairment, especially to the respiratory musculature. Injuries affecting the innervation to the phrenic nerve, and subsequently the diaphragm at levels C2/3, C4, and C5/6, result in compromised inspiration and expiration. Particularly concerning is that damage to the C5 vertebrae and higher can be life-threatening as it may inhibit ventilation controlled by the central nervous system.
Moreover, injuries to the lower cervical nerves or the spinal cord can lead to paralysis of both the upper and lower extremities. This not only affects mobility but can also impact bowel and bladder function. Adolescents and young adults aged 16-24 have the highest incidence of spinal injuries. By the age of 15-16, most individuals have generally reached skeletal maturity, making them susceptible to these injuries.
Cervical spine injuries arise from deformation to the cervical spinal column, damaging the spinal cord in the process. The initial 24-72 hours post-injury are crucial, with various complications potentially arising.
For a comprehensive understanding of the spinal cord’s normal function and the implications of different injury levels, one can refer to a 26-minute video that also discusses functional goals tailored to specific impairment levels.
Physical exercise post-injury presents unique challenges. Those with an injury at T-6 or above might struggle to assess their exercise intensity. Traditional markers like heart rate elevation, temperature increase, or sweating may be absent. Thus, alternative methods might be required, as mentioned in this resource.
Rehabilitation plays a critical role in recovery. Establishments like UC San Diego Health offer comprehensive programs to restore function post-injury. It’s essential to understand that paralysis can result from various causes, including muscle diseases, nerve injuries, or damages to the brain and spinal cord.
Clinical indicators of a cervical spinal cord injury include symptoms like areflexia, diaphragmatic breathing, forearm flexion, pain response above the clavicle, and signs like hypotension, bradycardia, and priapism, indicating parasympathetic paralysis. For a deeper dive, you can explore this lecture.
In conclusion, a spinal cord injury can indeed be traumatic on multiple fronts. However, with the right care team, patients can adapt to new methods for day-to-day activities, moving forward and embracing life post-injury.
