Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation, primarily affecting the joints. It causes symptoms like swelling, pain, and deformity in affected areas. The question of whether RA is genetic or hereditary is complex. While RA is not strictly an inherited condition, certain genes may increase the risk of developing it, akin to other autoimmune diseases. This is evident in the identification of various parts of the human DNA, such as the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes, which have been linked to RA.
However, genetics alone does not determine the onset of RA. The condition is also influenced by environmental factors and an individual’s immune system response, creating a complex interplay often referred to as the “Bermuda triangle” of genetics, environment, and autoimmunity. This triangle triggers the onset and perpetuation of synovitis underlying RA.
The role of genetics in RA is further complicated by its phenotypic heterogeneity. RA can vary greatly in its manifestations, with diagnostic criteria largely based on clinical evaluation. The presence of autoantibodies, which are of high value in diagnostic scores, may bias patient inclusion in studies towards those with more severe, autoantibody-positive cases.
Heritability estimates for RA are around 60%, suggesting a significant genetic component. However, having a family member with RA does not guarantee an individual will develop the condition, nor does it rule out the possibility.
For more detailed information, you can refer to the sources provided:
Healthline,
MedlinePlus Genetics,
Pfizer,
National Center for Biotechnology Information,
Medical News Today,
PMC – National Center for Biotechnology Information,
Verywell Health,
Healthgrades,
PubMed.
