People with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at a heightened risk for infections, including COVID-19, the novel coronavirus that has led to a global pandemic. The virus, which is highly infectious, primarily spreads through airborne respiratory droplets. Studies have indicated that arthritis typically develops an average of 22.3 days post SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although anyone can contract the coronavirus, individuals with autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis are more susceptible to infections, including COVID-19, due to their compromised immune systems.
A study from the journal Arthritis & Rheumatology published in May 2021, which analyzed thousands of veterans, concluded that the risk of contracting COVID-19 was 25% higher for those with rheumatoid arthritis. Furthermore, the risk of hospitalization or death due to COVID-19 was 35% higher in this group compared to those without RA. With multiple reports of autoantibodies in COVID-19 patients, including anti-cardiolipin and antinuclear antibodies, it is evident that there is a complex interplay between COVID-19 and rheumatoid arthritis.
During the pandemic, patients with rheumatoid arthritis face unique challenges, such as concerns about infection risks, drug shortages, limited healthcare access, social isolation, and mental health impacts. Arthralgia and arthritis post SARS-CoV-2 infection have been observed in patients who were negative for rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA). For instance, The Lancet Rheumatology reported cases of individuals developing arthritis following a COVID-19 infection.
Concerning the implications for RA treatments, these can affect immune system function, thereby influencing the risks associated with COVID-19. Notably, the COVID-19 pandemic has also affected how individuals with RA manage their condition, encompassing aspects like vaccination, diagnosis, treatment, and overall healthcare strategies. For comprehensive information on these topics, refer to trusted medical sources such as Verywell Health, Healthline, and HSS.
