Rheumatoid Arthritis vs. Fibromyalgia: Understanding the Key Differences

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and fibromyalgia (FMS) are both chronic pain conditions, but they have distinct characteristics and causes. RA is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the joints, leading to inflammation and pain. This pain can fluctuate in intensity. Fibromyalgia, in contrast, is primarily a neurological condition that causes constant, widespread pain and is not classified as a type of arthritis. People with fibromyalgia experience dull pain that persists for at least three months, affecting various parts of the body.

While both conditions share some symptoms, they also have unique ones. For instance, RA can cause sensitive eyes, a symptom not commonly associated with fibromyalgia. On the other hand, fibromyalgia is known for amplifying painful sensations due to the way the brain and spinal cord process pain signals. This disorder is often accompanied by fatigue, sleep disturbances, memory issues, and mood changes.

Age is a factor in both conditions. Fibromyalgia can affect people of all ages, including children, but is more commonly diagnosed during middle age. The likelihood of developing fibromyalgia increases with age. It’s also more prevalent in individuals with autoimmune diseases like lupus or RA.

Healthline reports that people with autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus are at a higher risk of developing fibromyalgia, a condition not classified as an autoimmune disease itself. Symptoms usually emerge between the ages of 30 and 55, and while more common in adults, children, especially adolescent girls, can also develop fibromyalgia. The exact cause of fibromyalgia remains unclear.

In summary, while rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease causing joint inflammation and varying pain, fibromyalgia is a central pain disorder characterized by constant, widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and other neurological symptoms. Both conditions share some symptoms, but they also have distinct characteristics that set them apart.