Understanding GERD: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Gastroesophageal reflux disease, commonly known as GERD, is a chronic upper gastrointestinal disorder. It is characterized by the regular backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, leading to various symptoms and potential complications. Common symptoms of GERD include dental erosion, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), heartburn, odynophagia (painful swallowing), and regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include nausea, a recurring sour or bitter taste in the mouth, chronic cough, hoarseness, sore throat, and chest pain that may awaken you at night.

GERD not only causes discomfort but can also lead to serious health issues if left untreated. Lifestyle factors such as being overweight, overeating, consuming certain foods (like citrus, chocolate, and fatty or spicy foods), caffeine and alcohol intake, smoking, and the use of certain medications like aspirin can contribute to the development of GERD.

Treatment for GERD may involve lifestyle changes and medications. Over-the-counter medications such as Tagamet, Zantac, Pepcid, and Axid can help suppress acid reflux. Antacids like Gaviscon, Maalox, Mylanta, or Tums are also common treatments. If antacids are needed more than four times a week, it is advised to consult a physician. GERD is a condition where stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus, irritating and potentially damaging its lining. Some degree of reflux is normal, but GERD is diagnosed when reflux causes bothersome symptoms.

For a comprehensive understanding of GERD, including its symptoms and treatments, visit Harvard Health. Additionally, insights into the causes and soothing treatments for GERD can be found at Northwell Health. For more information on heartburn and its relation to GERD, the Department of Medicine at Georgetown University provides valuable resources.