Understanding Herniated Disc: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options

A herniated disc, often referred to as a slipped disc, is a condition where part of a spinal disc bulges or ruptures, leading to discomfort and mobility issues. This condition can occur in various parts of the spine, including the cervical, thoracic, or lumbar regions. It typically involves the disc’s soft inner core herniating through its outer wall, potentially causing nerve-related symptoms like pain, numbness, and muscle weakness.

A lumbar disc herniation specifically refers to this change occurring in the lower back, often resulting from degeneration or injury. The jelly-like substance inside the spinal disc breaks through the disc’s outer shell, the annulus, leading to inflammation and discomfort. The herniation usually happens in the lowermost part of the spine, particularly between the 4th and 5th lumbar vertebral bodies or between the 5th lumbar vertebral body and the sacrum. This protrusion commonly occurs to one side of the spinal canal, compressing a nerve root.

The symptoms of a herniated disc can vary, ranging from leg pain, weakness, numbness, cauda equina syndrome, to lower back pain. Treatment options are diverse, including conservative measures like physical therapy and pain management, as well as surgical interventions in more severe cases.

For more detailed information, please refer to the following resources:

Columbia Neurosurgery
Harvard Health
Hospital for Special Surgery
Hospital for Special Surgery
Harvard Health
UTHealth Neurosciences
UF Health Neurosurgery
Baylor College of Medicine