Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammatory arthritis and extra-articular involvement. It’s a chronic inflammatory disorder often influenced by the interplay between genetic and environmental factors, including tobacco. RA notably targets synovial joints, leading to damage in both cartilage and bone.
This condition is best understood as an immune mediated inflammatory disease (IMID). Recognizing both immunological activation and inflammatory pathways is crucial for evaluating the various aspects of disease onset and progression. RA primarily affects the lining of the synovial joints, associated with progressive disability, premature death, and socioeconomic burdens.
What Is Rheumatoid Arthritis? RA is a long-term disease causing inflammation in the joints and other tissues, leading to stiffness, swelling, and pain. If not controlled, this inflammation can cause significant damage to joints and organs, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and effective treatment.
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For suspected persistent synovitis of undetermined cause, specialist opinion is advised, especially if the small joints of the hands or feet are affected. This urgent referral is recommended even with normal acute-phase responses or negative anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies and rheumatoid factor tests.
