Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that not only affects the joints, but may also have systemic effects, impacting various other organs of the body. With a worldwide lifetime prevalence of up to 1 percent, RA onset commonly peaks between the ages of 30 and 50. However, it can begin at any age, presenting a range of symptoms that evolve over time.
Diagnosing RA can be challenging, especially in the early stages due to its nonspecific symptoms and the absence of a singular definitive test. Physicians rely on a combination of methods, including medical history, physical examinations, laboratory tests, and imaging studies such as x-rays or ultrasounds. The importance of early and accurate diagnosis cannot be overstated, as it is crucial for initiating effective treatment strategies that can significantly slow the disease’s progression and manage symptoms.
Symptoms of RA may include joint stiffness, which is usually worse in the mornings or after a period of inactivity, fatigue, fever, and loss of appetite. Initially affecting smaller joints, the disease can progress to larger joints as time goes on. This progression emphasizes the need for patients to have rapid access to specialist care, particularly when their condition worsens.
The goal of managing RA is to improve the quality of life for patients by providing treatments that control symptoms and prevent joint damage. Advances in understanding the pathophysiology of the disease have led to the development of new therapeutic strategies, making the management of RA more effective than ever.
For more detailed information on the diagnosis and management of rheumatoid arthritis, visit the AAFP, the Mayo Clinic, the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, PubMed, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
