Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, symmetrical inflammatory autoimmune disease that initially impacts small joints, progressing to larger joints and potentially affecting other organs including the skin, eyes, heart, kidneys, and lungs. This disease can lead to progressive disability, premature death, and significant socioeconomic burdens. The prevalence rate reported in 2002 ranged from 0.5% to 1% of the population, with regional variations observed. RA primarily affects the lining of the synovial joints. Over the past two decades, there has been substantial progress in understanding the disease’s pathophysiology, optimal outcome measures, and effective treatment strategies. Early diagnosis and treatment of RA have been recognized as crucial for managing the disease effectively.
Rheumatoid arthritis is defined as a systemic autoimmune pathology, with a chronic inflammatory process that can damage both joints and extra-articular organs such as the heart, kidney, lung, digestive system, eye, skin, and nervous system. The disease often results in the destruction of bone and cartilage in joints and the weakening of tendons and ligaments.
Comorbid conditions associated with rheumatoid arthritis are important to identify. The pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis involves an autoimmune attack on the synovial lining of the joints, leading to inflammation and joint damage. Diagnostic tools include the use of rheumatoid factor and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies. Rheumatoid arthritis typically involves the small joints of the hands and feet and can lead to severe joint damage and disability.
Rheumatoid arthritis occurs in about 5 per 1000 people. Significant progress in understanding the disease pathophysiology and treatment has been made, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.
For more detailed information, please refer to these sources:
NCBI PMC,
PubMed,
NCBI PMC,
NCBI Bookshelf,
NCBI PMC,
The New England Journal of Medicine,
Nature,
JAMA Network.
