Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease, characterized by inflammatory arthritis and extra-articular involvement, including impact on the heart, kidneys, lungs, digestive system, eyes, skin, and nervous system. It’s a chronic inflammatory disorder primarily involving synovial joints, often resulting from a combination of genetic and environmental factors, such as tobacco use.
Initially affecting small joints and progressing to larger ones, RA can lead to significant damage, including destruction of bone and cartilage, and weakening of tendons and ligaments. It poses a risk of disability, premature death, and socioeconomic burdens.
Recent scientific advances have led to therapies that can prevent progression and irreversible joint damage in up to 90% of patients. This narrative review summarizes current evidence regarding the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
For more detailed information, explore the following resources:
PMCRheumatoid Arthritis
StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
The New England Journal of Medicine
JAMA Network
Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Brief Overview of the Treatment
Pathological Mechanisms and Modern Pharmacologic Therapies
PubMed
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