Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that significantly impacts various body systems, including joints, skin, eyes, lungs, heart, and blood vessels. This condition predominantly occurs in individuals aged 30 to 50 and is more prevalent in women than in men. The most commonly affected joints are those in the hands, wrists, feet, ankles, knees, shoulders, and elbows.
Symptoms and Causes
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) symptoms stem from genetic factors and environmental influences. People possessing specific genes, known as HLA (human leukocyte antigen) class II genotypes, are at a heightened risk of developing RA. These genes can exacerbate arthritis severity. Environmental factors like smoking or obesity further increase the risk.
Diagnosis and Tests
Diagnosis involves a physical examination where doctors assess joint swelling, redness, and mobility. Laboratory tests of various body fluids also aid in pinpointing the type of arthritis.
Management and Treatment
While there’s no cure for RA, early treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) can lead to symptom remission. Treatment options include lifestyle changes, physical therapy, occupational therapy, nutritional therapy, medication, and potentially surgery.
Pharmacological Strategies
The three main drug classes used in RA treatment are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, and DMARDs.
Reduction of Joint Stress and Surgical Approaches
These strategies are integral to managing RA, alongside pharmacological treatments.
For more detailed information, refer to the following resources:
Rheumatoid Arthritis Diagnosis and Treatment – Mayo Clinic
Rheumatoid Arthritis Symptoms and Causes – Mayo Clinic
Rheumatoid Arthritis | Johns Hopkins Medicine
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment FAQs
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) | Arthritis | CDC
Arthritis – Diagnosis and Treatment – Mayo Clinic
Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment – Johns Hopkins Arthritis Center
