Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that significantly impacts joints and can affect various body systems. This autoimmune condition occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s tissues, potentially damaging the skin, eyes, lungs, heart, and blood vessels. RA is notable for attacking multiple joints simultaneously, often including the hands, wrists, and knees.
In diagnosing RA, doctors rely on a combination of methods: taking a medical history, performing a physical exam, and ordering laboratory tests and imaging studies such as x-rays or ultrasounds. The Mayo Clinic provides a comprehensive overview of these diagnostic procedures.
Management strategies for RA, detailed in an article by PMC, focus on controlling synovitis and preventing joint injury. These strategies emphasize the importance of early treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) to maintain remission or low disease activity.
For initial treatment, particularly in cases of low disease activity, hydroxychloroquine is recommended. Methotrexate is another recommended option, as noted in guidelines from the AAF. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen and naproxen sodium are commonly used to relieve pain and reduce inflammation. However, they may have side effects, including stomach irritation, heart problems, and kidney damage. Steroids are also used in treatment, balancing efficacy with the risk of side effects.
Understanding RA, its symptoms, and causes is crucial for effective management. The CDC offers insights into the nature of RA as an autoimmune and inflammatory disease. Moreover, the UpToDate article provides an in-depth look at the general principles of managing RA.
Further details about the diagnosis, treatment, and steps to take can be found in the information provided by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases.
