Understanding Rheumatoid Arthritis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune and inflammatory disease that causes joint inflammation and pain. It’s a condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells, leading to inflammation in the affected parts of the body. Common symptoms include pain and swelling in joints, often symmetrically on both sides of the body, such as in both hands or both knees. RA can also lead to other health issues, including an increased risk of osteoporosis, a condition that weakens bones and makes them more prone to fracture.

Rheumatoid arthritis affects over 1.3 million people in the United States, being more common in individuals designated female at birth. However, it can develop in anyone, and in children and young adults, it is referred to as young-onset rheumatoid arthritis. Unlike adult RA, which is chronic, children often outgrow juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA).

Diagnosing RA involves taking a medical history, performing a physical exam, and may include laboratory tests and imaging studies like x-rays. Early diagnosis can be challenging since the disease develops over time, and initial symptoms might be mild.

Treatment for rheumatoid arthritis focuses on managing symptoms and preventing joint damage. It often includes medications, physical therapy, and sometimes surgery. People with RA may face challenges in employment and daily activities as the disease progresses.

For more detailed information on rheumatoid arthritis, its symptoms, causes, and treatment options, refer to the following resources:
Mayo Clinic
CDC
Arthritis Foundation
Cleveland Clinic
NCBI
Johns Hopkins Medicine
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases