Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder primarily affecting the joints, characterized by inflammation, pain, and swelling. It often starts in smaller joints like the fingers and toes, and as it progresses, symptoms can spread to larger joints such as the wrists and knees. This condition typically results in warm, swollen, and painful joints, with pain and stiffness often worsening after rest. RA can also impact other body parts, including the skin, eyes, and lungs.
In addition to joint stiffness, which is usually worse in the mornings and after periods of inactivity, individuals with RA may experience fatigue, fever, and loss of appetite. Unlike osteoarthritis, which is related to overuse, obesity, and aging, rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune illness causing chronic inflammation throughout the body. It commonly affects the joints symmetrically (e.g., both hands or both knees).
Rheumatoid arthritis differs from gout, another painful arthritis type. Gout is caused by uric acid crystals leading to inflammation in joints like the big toe, whereas RA involves the immune system attacking the joint lining. With RA, hand deformities can occur, making movement challenging.
The disease affects about 1% of the population, with women being 2 to 3 times more likely to develop it. Although onset can occur at any age, it is most common between 35 and 50 years. Children can also be affected, as seen in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.
For more detailed information on Rheumatoid Arthritis, its symptoms, and treatment options, visit the Mayo Clinic, Cleveland Clinic, Wikipedia, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Verywell Health, CDC, and Merck Manuals.
