Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune and inflammatory disease that primarily affects the joints. It is characterized by joint inflammation and pain, often impacting both sides of the body symmetrically. This condition can lead to significant discomfort and mobility issues.
Joint stiffness, which is typically worse in the mornings and after periods of inactivity, is a common symptom of RA. Patients may also experience fatigue, fever, and loss of appetite. Early stages of the disease often affect smaller joints, such as those in the fingers and toes, before progressing to larger joints like the wrists and knees.
RA occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells, leading to inflammation in the affected areas. While it can affect any joint, it is most common in the hands, wrists, and fingers. The disease is more prevalent in women than men and usually begins in middle age.
Approximately 1% of the population suffers from rheumatoid arthritis, with onset typically between 35 and 50 years of age. However, it can also occur during childhood, as seen in cases of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.
The exact cause of RA is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors, including smoking. The disorder is systemic, meaning it can affect the entire body, and is characterized by periods of flare-ups and remission.
Diagnosing and managing rheumatoid arthritis requires a comprehensive approach. It is important to differentiate RA from other forms of arthritis, such as osteoarthritis, which can present with similar symptoms.
For more detailed information on rheumatoid arthritis, including symptoms, causes, and treatment options, visit the following resources:
Mayo Clinic
CDC
MedlinePlus
Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders
Arthritis Foundation
NCBI Bookshelf
Encyclopaedia Britannica
InformedHealth.org
