Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that significantly impacts various body systems, extending beyond just the joints. This autoimmune condition arises when the immune system mistakenly targets the body’s own tissues. In rheumatoid arthritis, the primary area of impact is the joints, but it can also affect the skin, eyes, lungs, heart, and blood vessels.
A study published by PubMed reveals that patients with stable, long-standing rheumatoid arthritis continue to experience deterioration despite intensified treatment with traditional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. This highlights the progressive nature of RA and the challenge in managing it effectively over time.
One common manifestation in patients with long-standing RA is synovitis of the metacarpophalangeal joints, accompanied by an ulnar drift of the digits. Additional symptoms can include oral and nasal mucosal lesions, and interestingly, an absence of joint erosions even in long-standing cases. The joint fluid in such cases often has lower white blood cell counts, predominantly less than 2000/mcL (2.0 x10 9 /L).
The progression of rheumatoid arthritis can be categorized into four stages, as outlined by Healthline. These range from early-stage RA, where symptoms might not be apparent, to end-stage RA, characterized by a cessation of inflammation but continued joint damage. This progression leads to various physical deformities, severe pain, swelling, and loss of motion in the affected joints.
According to Mayo Clinic, the main symptoms of RA include joint pain and stiffness, which typically worsen with age. Unlike osteoarthritis, which is primarily due to the breakdown of joint cartilage, rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease impacting joint lining.
Johns Hopkins Medicine also emphasizes the impact of RA on hand mobility, where deformities in the finger joints can severely hinder hand functions.
Lastly, RA has a global presence with an estimated prevalence of 1 to 2%. Patients often experience stiffness after periods of inactivity, and the disease can even affect the cervical spine, particularly in more advanced stages.
This comprehensive understanding of rheumatoid arthritis underscores the complexity and severity of this condition, necessitating ongoing research and advanced treatment approaches.
