Rheumatoid factor (RF) is an immune system protein that is often associated with autoimmune conditions, particularly rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A positive rheumatoid factor test indicates a high level of RF in the blood, which can be linked to various diseases and conditions, including cancer.
RF tests are crucial in diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis, as they help to determine if a patient is seropositive, meaning they possess antibodies that attack joints and cause inflammation. To diagnose a seropositive patient with RA, the presence of rheumatoid factor and/or anti-citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies must be confirmed. However, it’s important to note that rheumatoid factors are not exclusive to RA and can be found in other pathologies, including other autoimmune and non-autoimmune diseases. They have even been detected in a small percentage of young, healthy individuals.
For decades, a positive rheumatoid arthritis test has been used to diagnose those with symptoms of RA, with the rheumatoid factor first described in connection to RA in 1940. Treatment for RA often includes nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB) and naproxen sodium (Aleve), which can relieve pain and reduce inflammation. Prescription NSAIDs are also available. However, side effects may include stomach irritation, heart problems, and kidney damage. Steroids are another treatment option.
During the diagnostic process, your doctor will likely ask about your medical history, medications, and the impact of the disease on your life. A physical examination typically includes examining your joints and observing how you walk, bend, and carry out activities of daily living.
To learn more about rheumatoid factor and its implications, visit the Mayo Clinic, Mayo Clinic on Rheumatoid Arthritis Diagnosis and Treatment, NIAMS, Medical News Today, Rheumatoid Arthritis.org on Seronegative RA, Rheumatoid Arthritis.org on Seropositive RA, StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf, and the Rheumatoid Arthritis.org on Rheumatoid Factor.
