Kyphosis is a spinal condition characterized by a forward curvature of the spine when viewed from the side. This curvature, which can resemble a hump in the upper back, normally ranges between 25 to 50 degrees in the thoracic spine. Lordosis refers to an inward curvature of the lower back or neck, and it also typically measures between 25 to 50 degrees in the lumbar spine. These conditions can occur alongside scoliosis, which is a more complex deformity. Scoliosis causes the spine to curve laterally, in an S-shape or C-shape, and is often accompanied by vertebral rotation.
In cases of thoracic insufficiency syndrome, the spinal curves can impede rib and lung development, leading to insufficient air to the lungs. Postural kyphosis is the most common form, allowing for voluntary curvature correction and may cause mild discomfort without leading to structural deformity. However, when kyphosis accompanies progressive scoliosis, treatment may be necessary. Congenital forms of scoliosis, occurring during fetal development, may also present with kyphosis and lordosis.
Kyphosis can be congenital or acquired due to conditions affecting the spine, with a greater prevalence in females. Diagnosing scoliosis typically involves a pediatrician, family member, or school nurse first noticing the condition. Detailed descriptions and management of these spinal conditions can be found through various resources, including Wexner Medical, Washington Radiology, and CHOP.
