The cervical spine, often referred to as the neck, is a marvel of human anatomy and physiology. It not only provides support to the head but also plays a vital role in facilitating the movement and housing important neural structures. This article delves into the unique features of cervical vertebrae, their common injuries, degenerative changes, and treatments available.
Cervical Vertebrae Anatomy
The cervical spine consists of seven bony rings, starting from the base of the skull and running down the neck. A distinguishing feature of these vertebrae is their small body, which reflects their role in carrying the least amount of body weight. Among these, the cervical vertebrae typically have a bifid or Y-shaped spinous process. The spinous processes of the C3–C6 vertebrae are short. In contrast, the spine of C7 is more extended, often easily felt by running your finger down the posterior neck until encountering this prominent spine at the neck’s base. 
In the thoracic region, the spinous processes extend to the level of at least the body of the vertebra below, making the spines of vertebrae C6, C7, and T1 particularly prominent and palpable. Their prominence is enhanced when the neck and trunk are flexed. For more detailed anatomy of the vertebral column, visit this resource.
Injuries and Degenerative Changes
Spinal injuries are most frequent in adolescents and young adults aged 16-24. By the age of 15-16, when most individuals have achieved skeletal maturity, spine injuries often resemble those of adults. Notably, the most common cervical spine injury in adolescents occurs at the C5 and C6 level. Learn more about lower cervical spine injuries at this link.
Multilevel degenerative changes are another concern, especially characterized by disc space loss, uncovertebral joint degeneration, and facet arthropathy. These changes are most pronounced at the C6-C7 vertebrae, though the prevertebral soft tissues typically remain within normal limits. Further information on painful degenerative changes can be found here.
Spinal Nerve Roots and Their Functions
The spinal nerve roots play essential roles in various bodily functions. For instance:
The phrenic nerve, comprising C3, C4, and C5 nerve roots, is responsible for diaphragm respiration.
C4 controls sensations in the shoulder and clavicle.
The axillary nerve, involving C5 and C6, facilitates arm abduction, while the musculocutaneous nerve of C5 and C6 manages forearm flexion. Detailed information on spinal nerve roots and their functions is available here.
Cervical Myelopathy and Radiculopathy
These conditions arise from the compression of the spinal cord (myelopathy) and/or nerve roots (radiculopathy) as they navigate through the cervical vertebrae. Symptoms often include neck pain, stiffness, and decreased neck mobility. Dive deeper into these conditions here.
Treatment: Cervical Decompression Surgery
For those experiencing significant pain or discomfort, cervical decompression surgery might be an option. This procedure involves removing structures compressing the nerves in the cervical section of the spinal canal or vertebral foramen. Recovery from this surgery can span around five weeks on average. If considering this procedure, it’s crucial to consult with a spine care specialist. For a more comprehensive understanding of the procedure, visit this link.
In conclusion, understanding the anatomy, potential injuries, degenerative changes, and available treatments for the cervical spine can help individuals make informed decisions about their health. Remember, always consult with a healthcare professional when experiencing pain or discomfort.
