Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) is a condition that arises from the compression of arteries, veins, or nerves in the area between the shoulder and neck. This compression can be due to various factors, and it often leads to discomfort or pain in the affected region. There are two primary types of TOS: vascular thoracic outlet syndrome, which involves the compression of arteries and veins, and neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome, which affects the nerves of the brachial plexus.
According to experts like HSS physiatrist Naimish Baxi, MD, posture is a significant contributing factor to scapular pain, a common symptom of TOS. Treatment for TOS focuses on alleviating pain and maintaining the range of motion in the shoulder. This may include anti-inflammatory medications, corticosteroid injections, and physical therapy. In severe or persistent cases, surgery may be considered to remove the causative deposits.
Symptoms of TOS can range from none to stiffness, pain in the neck or back, and pain radiating to the shoulders, arms, or legs. Conditions like osteoarthritis of the spine can exacerbate these symptoms by causing joint deterioration, bone spur formation, cysts, or narrowing of the disc space.
However, back and neck pain can also originate from muscle and ligament strains, not just spinal issues. A spine expert, such as a physiatrist, can recommend appropriate treatments like physical therapy for these conditions. Spondylosis, a condition that is almost universal in older age but can also affect younger people, may cause stiffness and pain in the neck, shoulders, or between the shoulder blades.
Rotator cuff tendonitis, characterized by inflammation in the shoulder’s tendons, is another common cause of shoulder pain. Initial symptoms include a dull ache around the shoulder, worsening with activities like pushing, pulling, or lifting the arm. Additionally, a herniated disc, often presenting with neck, back, and leg pain, typically improves with rest or nonsurgical treatments.
For further information on these conditions and treatments, refer to the following resources:
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Causes of Pain Between Shoulder Blades
Shoulder Pain Treatments
Arthritis in Back, Spine, and Neck
When to See a Spine Specialist
Spondylosis Overview
Rotator Cuff Tendinitis
Herniated Discs
