Spinal injuries, such as burst and compression fractures, require specialized medical attention to alleviate symptoms and prevent further complications. A laminectomy, involving the removal of the lamina, and a corpectomy, entailing the removal of the vertebral body, are surgical procedures designed to relieve pressure on the spinal cord and nerves. These methods are particularly relevant in the treatment of burst fractures. When a fracture results from osteoporosis, addressing the underlying condition is crucial. Treatments for osteoporosis may include supplements of calcium and vitamin D, bisphosphonates, and weight-bearing exercises, which can also help in the management of compression fractures.
Natural healing of a spinal compression fracture can last up to three months, with significant pain reduction often occurring within days or weeks. Management strategies include analgesic pain medications, bed rest, wearing a back brace, and engaging in physical activity. Early stages of compression fractures might not exhibit symptoms. However, treatment typically involves medication, rest, back bracing, or physical therapy, and sometimes, surgery is required. Regular weight-bearing exercises are recommended to strengthen the spine and reduce the risk of new fractures. For some patients, particularly those with severe osteoporosis, extended bracing beyond twelve weeks may be necessary. Cervical spine compression fractures might require immobilization using a rigid or soft collar.
A typical case of acute osteoporotic compression fracture is observed in a 72-year-old woman. An MR image demonstrates compression fractures of T12 and L1, with normal residual bone marrow signal intensity in the vertebral bodies and retropulsion of a bone fragment. This imaging scenario is crucial for diagnosis and planning the treatment approach, as detailed in resources from UConn Health and University of Rochester Medical Center.
In cases of severe fractures or where a tumor has caused vertebral pressure, surgeons may access the damaged spine from the front (anterior) of the body. This anterior approach can effectively reduce the painful compression of the spinal cord and nerves. Such advanced surgical interventions are detailed in educational materials from institutions like UTMC Toledo and UNC School of Medicine.
For more comprehensive information on spine fractures and their treatments, readers can refer to Hospital for Special Surgery.
