Scoliosis is a medical condition characterized by a lateral, or sideways, curvature of the spine. This deviation can occur in one or multiple locations and distinguishes itself from kyphosis, where the spine displays a forward-oriented curvature. While scoliosis often emerges during childhood and adolescence, it can also develop in adults. In this article, we explore the basic types of scoliosis, its common characteristics, and its implications.
Idiopathic Scoliosis: As the name suggests, idiopathic means the cause or origin remains unidentified. This form is the most prevalent, especially among teenagers, termed as adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. When adults who’ve never had a history of the condition develop scoliosis for unknown reasons, it’s referred to as de novo scoliosis.
Congenital Scoliosis: This type originates during fetal development due to the spine forming improperly or incompletely. It’s a condition that’s present at birth.
Neuromuscular Scoliosis: This variety arises when the spine’s discs and bones deteriorate or break in adulthood. Often, it’s a direct outcome of muscular and neurological conditions. More can be read about it here.
Degenerative Scoliosis: Common in adults, this type results from wear and tear on the spinal discs and facet joints. The term “degenerative” alludes to the progressive wear-and-tear nature of this condition. Further insights on degenerative scoliosis are available here.
A notable feature of scoliosis is its impact on the spine’s appearance. The curvature can form an S or C shape, sometimes causing the spine to rotate. This rotation might lead to one shoulder blade protruding more than the other. Scoliosis can manifest in both the thoracic (mid-back) and lumbar (lower back) spine regions.
The definition of scoliosis rests on a curvature measuring 10° or greater. Contrary to some misconceptions, scoliosis is not a result of poor posture. The condition might affect the right, left, or both sides of the spine.
Idiopathic scoliosis has subcategories based on age:
Infantile Idiopathic Scoliosis: Affects children under 3.
Juvenile Idiopathic Scoliosis: Affects children aged 3 to 10.
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS): Affects children aged 10 and above, making it the most common type of scoliosis.
In conclusion, understanding scoliosis and its various types is crucial for early detection and appropriate treatment. If you or someone you know suspects they have scoliosis, consult a medical professional for a definitive diagnosis and guidance.
