Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that potentially affects more than just the joints. In some cases, it can damage a variety of body systems, including the skin, eyes, lungs, heart, and blood vessels. It often occurs in people from ages 30 to 50 and is more common in women than men. The joints most frequently affected by RA include those in the hands, wrists, feet, ankles, knees, shoulders, and elbows.
There are five main classes of drugs used to treat RA—disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), biologics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), analgesics, and corticosteroids. Each class of drugs plays a distinct role in managing and treating RA. Corticosteroids like prednisone help reduce inflammation and pain and slow joint damage, although their side effects may include bone thinning, weight gain, and diabetes. Therefore, doctors often prescribe corticosteroids for quick relief with the aim of tapering off gradually.
Conventional DMARDs slow the progression of RA, potentially preventing joint and tissue damage. Current JAK inhibitors used to treat RA, such as tofacitinib (Xeljanz), baricitinib (Olumiant), and upadacitinib (Rinvoq), are taken orally. Analgesics like acetaminophen can ease pain without reducing inflammation when NSAIDs are not suitable.
For symptom management, alternating between heat and cold packs can alleviate pain caused by inflammation. Cold packs numb the pain, while heat can relax muscles and joints. Regular use of heat and cold therapies can help manage painful symptoms as they occur.
Some vitamins and supplements may also help with arthritis symptoms. Although studies have shown mixed results, glucosamine and chondroitin might offer joint pain relief. It’s important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen.
Effective treatment for RA often requires a comprehensive approach, including medication, lifestyle changes, and sometimes surgery. It is essential to work closely with a healthcare provider to tailor a treatment plan that is best for each individual.
For more detailed information, you can visit the Mayo Clinic, Verywell Health, RheumatoidArthritis.org, Mayo Clinic on RA Symptoms, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Healthline, Medical News Today, and the Arthritis Foundation.
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