What Causes Herniated Discs and How Are They Treated?

Herniated discs, often referred to as slipped or ruptured discs, are prevalent medical conditions affecting the spine. This problem arises when the jelly-like inner filling of an intervertebral disc protrudes, breaking through its outer shell, known as the annulus. This protrusion can irritate the spinal cord or nearby nerves, leading to symptoms like weakness, numbness in the limbs, or even paralysis in extreme cases.

There are two primary locations where disc herniation is most frequent: the lower back (lumbar spine) and the neck (cervical spine). The causes of herniated discs can be multifaceted, encompassing age-related degeneration and sudden injuries from events such as falls or heavy lifting. As individuals age, their intervertebral discs lose hydration and their capacity to cushion the vertebrae, making them less flexible and more prone to rupture.

One significant surgical remedy for herniated discs is microdiscectomy. This minimally invasive procedure is often employed when a herniated disc compresses a spinal nerve. It can alleviate pain, which sometimes extends down arms and legs, such as in cases of sciatica, muscle weakness, and difficulties with repetitive motions.

For those suffering from low back pain (LBP), a common culprit is the prolapsed intervertebral disc (PIVD) at the lumbar spine. While lumbar traction is a widely used physiotherapeutic treatment modality for this issue, its effectiveness and dosage remain a topic of debate among experts.

There are several other terms associated with herniated discs. Some of these include pinched nerve, bulging disk, slipped disk, sciatica, lumbar radiculopathy, and cervical radiculopathy. Herniated discs may develop due to the slow degeneration of the disc or from sudden traumas, such as car accidents or slip-and-fall incidents.

In a study found in BMJ, evidence suggests that genetics play a role in disc prolapse. Twin studies indicate that at least 60% of occurrences have a genetic component.

In conclusion, understanding the causes and treatments of herniated discs is crucial for individuals who experience back pain or other related symptoms. Whether it’s age, injury, or genetic predisposition, knowing the options and treatments available can lead to improved health and well-being.