Kyphosis is a type of spinal deformity characterized by a forward curvature of the spine. When observed from the side, a certain amount of kyphosis is normal in the thoracic spine. However, when it becomes excessive, it can lead to both cosmetic and functional difficulties.
The causes of kyphosis are diverse. A child can be born with kyphosis (congenital), or it can develop due to various conditions such as metabolic disorders and neuromuscular conditions. Notably, osteogenesis imperfecta, often referred to as brittle bone disease, is a condition where bones fracture with minimal force and can lead to kyphosis. Another contributing factor is spina bifida, a neural tube defect. In some cases, the cause of kyphosis, like Scheuermann’s Kyphosis, remains unknown. Additionally, postural kyphosis is common during the teenage years and is associated with slouching.
Kyphosis can also result from neuromuscular disorders, including cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, Parkinson’s disease, and polio. In rare instances, spinal bone tumors or soft-tissue tumors can lead to excessive kyphosis. Moreover, spine surgery can sometimes result in kyphosis.
Diagnosis of kyphosis often involves a combination of X-rays, physical examinations, and a review of the patient’s history and symptoms.
This exaggerated forward rounding of the back, especially noticeable in older women, is frequently caused by osteoporosis. In adults, osteoporosis is the most common cause of kyphosis. Other causes include congenital deformities present at birth and degenerative changes in the spine.
It’s essential to understand that while a small degree of kyphosis is normal, excessive kyphosis can cause pain and hamper one’s ability to function. Treatment and monitoring are crucial as kyphosis tends to worsen over time.
For more detailed information on kyphosis, you can refer to the following resources:
Ortho Wustl,
HSS,
HSS Condition List,
UCSD Health,
URMC,
Mayo Clinic,
Neurosurgery Columbia, and
OHSU Spine Center.
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