What Causes Sciatica and How Can Physical Therapy Help?

Understanding sciatica is key to finding the right treatment options. Sciatica refers to pain caused by the sciatic nerve, which is the longest nerve in the body. This nerve carries messages from the brain down the spinal cord to the legs. Notably, the pain of sciatica typically radiates down one side, originating from the lower back and sometimes extending below the knee. But what exactly leads to this pain?

One of the most common causes is a bulging or herniated disc in the lower back. These discs are tire-like structures that can become displaced or inflamed, leading to compression or injury of the sciatic nerve. When this happens, the result is persistent pain that can be felt from the lower back, through the buttock, and into the lower leg. In certain scenarios, the exit spaces where nerves branch off from the spinal cord between the vertebrae may shrink. This constriction can squeeze the nerve root, known as the radicular nerve, causing symptoms in the affected area. Typically, the pain manifests as a dull, aching, shooting, or burning sensation. Accompanying leg pain is a hallmark symptom, distinguishing sciatica from other types of back pain. Some may also experience neuropathies like numbness or a “pins and needles” sensation.

So, how can one find relief from such pain? Treatment usually begins with a comprehensive physical therapy program. An initial positional assessment is done to determine which movements might alleviate the individual’s pain symptoms. Based on these findings, a therapy program is curated to address and reduce these pinched nerve symptoms. Alongside physical therapy, activity modifications play a crucial role.

For nerve-related chronic pain, certain medications can be effective when combined with other pain relievers. On the other hand, for muscle and joint pain, rest, ice and heat applications, anti-inflammatory medications, and time can bring about relief.

In summary, while sciatica can be painful and challenging, understanding its root causes and potential treatments offers hope. With the right approach, many find their pain greatly reduced or even eliminated.