What Causes Scoliosis Pain in Adults and How Can It Be Treated?

Scoliosis is a medical condition where the spine deviates from its natural straight alignment, adopting an “S” or “C” shape. It can affect both children and adults, but the symptoms and causes may differ between the two age groups.

The most prevalent symptom of scoliosis in adults is pain, often accompanied by a noticeable bulge in the back where the pain is localized. For many, this pain may lead them to seek medical advice and treatment. Other symptoms in adults include fatigue, a perceived loss of height, and an unusual feeling of fullness even when the stomach is empty. Some might also experience electric shock-like pain, numbness, and weakness in one or both legs.

It’s essential to understand that the abnormal curvature itself is usually not the direct cause of pain. The discomfort predominantly arises from the deterioration of the facet joints, discs, and arthritic changes in the spine. In some cases, muscle spasms causing scoliosis can be painful due to underlying causes such as infections or tumors.

Children and teenagers with scoliosis might occasionally experience back pain, but this typically suggests an additional underlying condition. Diagnosing scoliosis requires identifying a sideways curvature in the spine exceeding 10 degrees. However, in adults, this curvature often surpasses 30 degrees before they consider treatment.

There are two main types of scoliosis in adults: idiopathic and degenerative. While many individuals with scoliosis don’t experience significant discomfort, untreated severe scoliosis can lead to other issues. These include weakened ligaments causing back pain in adulthood, tingling or numbness in the legs, permanent deformities, fatigue, and breathing problems.

Fortunately, for most adults with degenerative scoliosis, pain relief or reduction is achievable through non-surgical measures. However, for those who require surgery, the outcomes can vary based on the underlying issue.

Experts, like Dr. Matthew E. Cunningham, a spine surgeon at HSS, shed light on the causes and treatments for scoliosis pain. He emphasizes that the condition is most commonly diagnosed between the ages of 10 and 15 when the spine is still in its developmental stages.

In conclusion, scoliosis in adults, especially degenerative scoliosis, can be a source of significant discomfort. Still, with appropriate treatment and expert advice, pain management and relief are achievable for many affected by this condition.