Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex condition that has puzzled experts for generations. Not only does it manifest as a chronic immune-mediated multisystemic disease primarily affecting the joints, but it’s also recognized as the most prevalent systemic inflammatory rheumatic ailment1. Over the years, significant improvements in patient prognosis have been achieved, transforming the lives of those affected2.
Diving deep into its origins, RA is a systemic autoimmune disease. Characterized by inflammatory arthritis and extraneous involvement, it’s predominantly driven by a complex interplay between genetics and environmental influences. One such environmental factor is tobacco, which has shown to play a significant role in exacerbating the condition1.
Historically, traces of RA have been found in North American tribes as far back as 1500 BCE. However, the precise etiology or cause remains an enigma3. While the disease’s origins remain unknown, it’s evident that both genetic and epigenetic components are at play. Additionally, environmental aspects significantly contribute to RA’s onset4.
Scientific advances like genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified over 100 loci linked to RA susceptibility. However, pinning down the causal genes and unraveling the biological pathways involved has been challenging5.
On the symptomatic front, RA can be a debilitating condition. Initial signs often include stiffness in the smaller joints, especially those of the hands and feet. As it advances, the symptoms may spread to larger joints such as the wrists and knees, and patients may also experience fatigue, fever, and appetite loss6.
In a surprising twist, recent studies suggest that childhood medical procedures might influence RA risk in adulthood. For instance, individuals who had their tonsils removed as children were found to have a 33% increased risk of developing a severe form of arthritis7.
In conclusion, while the journey to fully understand Rheumatoid arthritis is still ongoing, advancements in research provide hope and better outcomes for patients worldwide.
