What is Arthritis? Understanding Its Types, Symptoms, and Causes

Arthritis, often recognized by joint pain and stiffness, is an umbrella term for over 100 conditions affecting the joints and surrounding tissues. This inflammatory ailment primarily targets the body’s connective tissues and can manifest with varying symptoms depending on its type. With age, the severity of these symptoms tends to intensify, impacting an individual’s mobility and overall quality of life. But what causes arthritis, and how can one identify its onset?

At its core, arthritis is characterized by inflammation or swelling in one or more joints. The most prevalent types are osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

OA, often labeled as degenerative arthritis, is mainly caused by the breakdown of cartilage, which acts as a cushion between the bones in our joints. This wearing away of the protective tissue predominantly affects the fingers, knees, hips, and spine. Osteoarthritis leads to other complications, like the narrowing of joint space, bone overgrowth, and the development of bone spurs. Though it is a chronic disease that predominantly occurs in older individuals, it can also affect younger populations due to specific genetic and environmental factors.

On the other hand, Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease wherein the body’s immune system erroneously targets its healthy tissues, especially the synovial tissue surrounding the joints. This misguided immune response results in significant joint damage.

In addition to arthritis, there are over 100 different rheumatic diseases, distinguished by inflammation and impaired function in the body’s connecting or supporting structures. Common symptoms for these conditions include pain, stiffness, and swelling.

In summary, arthritis, with its myriad of types and causes, remains a significant medical challenge. As the population ages, understanding this disease becomes crucial for maintaining a healthy and active lifestyle.