Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prevalent autoimmune and inflammatory disease. This means the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells in the body, leading to inflammation, particularly painful swelling, in the affected areas. The disease mainly targets the joints, often affecting multiple joints simultaneously, such as those in the hands, wrists, and knees.
RA is characterized by joint inflammation, pain, and other symptoms like fatigue, fever, and weakness. Over time, as the tissue lining the joints (known as the synovial membrane) becomes inflamed and thickens, fluid accumulates, leading to joint erosion and degradation. This chronic inflammatory disorder can have ramifications beyond the joints. Some patients might experience complications in other parts of the body, including the heart, lungs, eyes, and circulatory system.
A distinction should be made between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. While osteoarthritis is often a result of wear and tear on the joint-bearing surface, rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder causing pain, stiffness, and swelling in the affected joint.
Rheumatoid arthritis, as a form of inflammatory polyarthritis, has the potential to result in joint destruction, deformity, and functional loss. One of its most identifiable symptoms is the swelling of small joints, predominantly in the hands and feet. However, nearly any joint in the body can be impacted. Beyond the joints, other manifestations of the disease can emerge.
One of the concerning issues for women with RA, especially those planning to become pregnant, is the potential risks associated with medication. Many grapple with the decision to cease medication, potentially risking a flare-up in their condition. Further research has also explored the connections between gut bacteria and rheumatoid arthritis. Particularly in familial cases and among individuals with RA-susceptible genes, studies suggest that sequencing bacteria, autoantibodies, and metabolites, especially in healthy females, can provide valuable insights.
For more detailed information, you can refer to these external resources:
CDC
Healthline
Wiley Online Library
Mayo Clinic
ScienceDaily
MSN
Verywell Health
Mid-Day
Hopkins Arthritis
Wiley Online Library
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