Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Overview
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that goes beyond just affecting the joints. It is an autoimmune disease, meaning the immune system attacks healthy cells in the body by mistake. This misdirected immune response can cause inflammation, resulting in painful swelling in various parts of the body.
Where Does RA Strike?
Primarily, RA targets the joints, especially in the hands, wrists, and knees. The lining of the joints is the initial point of attack. However, the condition can also affect a myriad of other body systems. Some individuals with RA may experience complications involving the skin, eyes, lungs, heart, and blood vessels.
Symptoms Beyond the Joints
Eyes: Individuals may experience dryness, pain, inflammation, redness, sensitivity to light, and vision problems.
Mouth: Symptoms can include dryness and gum-related issues such as inflammation, irritation, or infection.
Skin: One may notice rheumatoid nodules, which are small lumps that form under the skin over bony areas.
Lungs: RA can lead to inflammation and scarring in the lungs, causing shortness of breath and even lung disease.
Causes and Other Types of Arthritis
While the exact cause of RA remains unknown, it occurs when the immune system mistakenly targets the body’s tissues. It’s worth noting that there are other types of arthritis as well. For instance, gout arises from an excess of uric acid in the blood, leading to the formation of uric acid crystals in the joints. Infections or diseases like psoriasis or lupus can also cause various forms of arthritis.
Demographics and Onset
Rheumatoid arthritis affects roughly 1% of the global population. Interestingly, women are 2 to 3 times more likely to develop RA than men. While RA can manifest at any age, it typically emerges between the ages of 35 and 50. However, some children can develop a form of RA known as Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) before they turn 16.
Diagnosis and Referrals
Early and accurate diagnosis of RA is crucial for effective management. Primary care providers often refer patients for a specialist’s opinion if persistent synovitis of an undetermined cause is suspected. Certain symptoms or test results may warrant an urgent referral for a more detailed evaluation.
For more detailed information on rheumatoid arthritis, its diagnosis, and treatments, you can refer to the following resources:
Mayo Clinic on Rheumatoid Arthritis
Arthritis Foundation on RA
CDC’s Overview of RA
