What Is Scoliosis? Understanding Its Types, Symptoms, and Treatments

Scoliosis is a medical condition where there’s a lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine. It contrasts with kyphosis, which involves a forward-oriented curvature of the spine. Normally, a spine should appear straight when viewed from behind, but with scoliosis, it often resembles an “S” or “C” shape. This deformity makes the individual seem as if they are leaning to one side.

One specific type of scoliosis is degenerative scoliosis, which is seen in adults due to degenerative changes in the vertebrae and disks. Another form, known as idiopathic scoliosis, is the most widespread spinal deformity globally. It frequently occurs in adolescents aged 10 to 18 and is more prone to progress in girls.

There are other types of scoliosis as well:

Congenital scoliosis: A birth defect where spine bones are curved sideways.
Neuromuscular scoliosis: A curvature resulting from systemic conditions affecting the nervous or muscular system, like cerebral palsy, neurofibromatosis, or muscular dystrophy.

For a scoliosis diagnosis, the spinal curve must be at least 10 degrees. The curve can develop to the right, left, or both sides, impacting both the thoracic (middle) and lumbar (lower) spine regions. Along with curvature, vertebrae can also rotate.

Common signs of scoliosis include:

An uneven appearance of the shoulders, with one side being lower.
A rounded shoulder on one side.

Treatment for scoliosis depends on the severity. If the spinal curve is below 25 degrees, ongoing monitoring is essential to track the curve’s progression. Bracing is used for curves between 25 and 40 degrees. For curvatures surpassing 45 to 50 degrees, surgical intervention might be required.

While discussing spinal deformities, it’s essential to understand kyphosis as well. It’s characterized by an abnormal convexity in the spine, with curves ranging from 20 to 50 degrees in different spinal regions. If these curves become exceedingly pronounced, it results in kyphosis.

Understanding and timely intervention for spinal deformities like scoliosis are crucial for maintaining a good quality of life. It’s essential to consult healthcare professionals for proper diagnosis and treatment.